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Harford County, Maryland

Coordinates: 39°32′N 76°18′W / 39.54°N 76.30°W / 39.54; -76.30
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"Harford County" redirects here. Not to be confused with Hartford County, Connecticut.

Harford County
County
Harford County Courthouse
Harford County Courthouse
Flag of Harford County
Flag
Official seal of Harford County
Seal
Map of Maryland highlighting Harford County
Location within the U.S. state of Maryland
Map of the United States highlighting Maryland
Maryland's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 39°32′N 76°18′W / 39.54°N 76.30°W / 39.54; -76.30
Country United States
State Maryland
FoundedDecember 17, 1773
Named forHenry Harford
SeatBel Air
Largest cityAberdeen
Area
 • Total527 sq mi (1,360 km2)
 • Land437 sq mi (1,130 km2)
 • Water90 sq mi (200 km2)  17%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total260,924
 • Estimate 
(2023)
264,644 Increase
 • Density500/sq mi (190/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district1st
Websitewww.harfordcountymd.gov

Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924.[1] Its county seat is Bel Air.[2] Harford County is included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.

History

[edit]

In 1608 the area was inhabited by Massawomecks and Susquehannocks.[3]: 16–17  The first European to see the area was John Smith in 1608 when he traveled up the Chesapeake Bay from Jamestown.[3]: 14–15  In 1652, the English and Susquehannocks signed a treaty at what is now Annapolis for the area now called Harford County.[3]: 24 

Harford County was formed on March 22, 1774, from the eastern part of Baltimore County with a population of 13,000 people.[3]: 13, 60  On March 22, 1775, Harford County hosted the signers of the Bush Declaration, a precursor document to the American Revolution.[3]: 102  On January 22, 1782, Bel Air became the county seat.[3]: 67 

Havre de Grace, a city incorporated in 1785 within Harford County, was once under consideration to be the capital of the United States rather than Washington, D.C.[3]: 250  It was favored for its strategic location at the top of the Chesapeake Bay; this location would facilitate trade while being secure in time of war.[4] Today, the waterways around Havre de Grace have become adversely affected by silt runoff, which is one of the primary environmental issues of Harford County.[5] While today the site is a Maryland National Guard military reservation, the land was used as the Havre de Grace Racetrack where racehorse Man o' War ran in 1919 and 1920.[6]

Sion Hill.jpg
Sion Hill

During the 1900s the Bata Shoe Company employed numerous Eastern European refugees at the Belcamp factory.[7]: 4  In the 1940s the Susquehanna River tributary Broad Creek was dammed to form the 55 acres (0.22 km2) at what is now the Broad Creek Memorial Scout Reservation.[8] In June 1972 Hurricane Agnes overflowed the dam and flooded areas in many states.[9] On the County Health Rankings & Roadmaps by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation with the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, "prior to the 2016 report ... Harford's yearly rankings[10] typically fell between ninth and 10th place, primarily because of the percentage of county residents who were obese or who smoked."[11] Scenes from Tuck Everlasting, From Within, and House of Cards were all filmed in Harford County.[citation needed]

In 2011 the Office of National Drug Control Policy deemed Harford County a designated High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area.[12]

The county was named for Henry Harford (c. 1759–1834), the illegitimate son of Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore. Henry Harford was born to Calvert's mistress, Hester Whelan, whose residence still stands as part of a private residence on Jarretsville Pike, in Phoenix, Maryland. Harford served as the last Proprietary Governor of Maryland but, because of his illegitimacy, did not inherit his father's title.[3]: 53  There are 79 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including one National Historic Landmark called Sion Hill.[13]

Environmental history

[edit]

Harford County has environmental issues in three major areas: land use, water pollution/urban runoff, and soil contamination/groundwater contamination.

As the county sits at the headwaters of the Chesapeake Bay along the Susquehanna River, it plays a key role in controlling sediment and fertilizer runoff into the bay as well as fostering submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) regrowth. The county has had to balance the needs of land owners to practice agriculture and/or pave land (creating impervious surfaces) with effects of runoff into the bay.

Harford County has been burdened by soil contamination and groundwater contamination since the creation of the Aberdeen Proving Ground in 1917. The military installation performs research for the U.S. Army, including weapons testing, and has released various chemical agents into soil and groundwater, including mustard gas and perchlorate. The bordering towns of Aberdeen, Edgewood and Joppatowne have been affected by this contamination.[14][15]

Aberdeen Proving Ground contains three Superfund priority sites as of 2006. Groundwater contamination by MTBE, a mandatory gasoline additive, has also affected Fallston.[16][17]

Harford County also faces controversy from residents living near Scarboro Landfill and Harford Waste Disposal Center, the only municipal landfill. The landfill, approved to triple in size in 2007, is the subject of complaints by neighbors of operating violations, such as large areas of open trash and blown litter; leachate breaks which contaminate area residential wells and flow into Deer Creek, a tributary of the Susquehanna River; and increased health problems.[citation needed]

Geography

[edit]
class=notpageimage|
Adjacent counties and national protected area

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 527 square miles (1,360 km2), of which 437 square miles (1,130 km2) is land and 90 square miles (230 km2) (17%) is water.[18]

Harford County straddles the border between the rolling hills of the Piedmont Plateau and the flatlands of the Atlantic Coastal Plain along the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. The county's development is a mix of rural and suburban, with denser development in the larger towns of Aberdeen and Bel Air and along Route 40 and other major arteries leading out of Baltimore. The highest elevations are in the north and northwest of the county, reaching 805 ft. near the Pennsylvania border in the county's northwestern corner. The lowest elevation is sea level along the Chesapeake Bay.

Adjacent counties

[edit]

National protected area

[edit]

Communities

[edit]

Cities

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Cities and town

Town

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Unincorporated communities

[edit]

Census-designated places

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Census-designated places

Populated places

[edit]

Climate

[edit]

The January freezing isotherm runs across the northern part of the county and divides it into a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa.) Average monthly temperatures in Bel Air range from 32.6 °F in January to 76.6 °F in July, while in Aberdeen they range from 33.5 °F in January to 77.2 °F in July.[20]

Politics and government

[edit]
Voter registration and party enrollment as of March 2024[21]
Republican 80,499 41.69%
Democratic 64,422 33.36%
Unaffiliated 44,691 23.14%
Libertarian 1,254 0.65%
Other parties 2,241 1.16%
Total 193,107 100%
United States presidential election results for Harford County, Maryland[22]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 80,930 54.61% 63,095 42.58% 4,161 2.81%
2016 77,860 58.25% 47,077 35.22% 8,735 6.53%
2012 72,911 57.89% 49,729 39.48% 3,314 2.63%
2008 71,751 58.19% 48,552 39.38% 2,992 2.43%
2004 71,565 63.48% 39,685 35.20% 1,478 1.31%
2000 52,862 57.82% 35,665 39.01% 2,897 3.17%
1996 39,686 50.76% 29,779 38.08% 8,726 11.16%
1992 36,350 45.05% 27,164 33.67% 17,173 21.28%
1988 38,493 65.73% 19,803 33.81% 270 0.46%
1984 37,382 68.41% 17,133 31.36% 127 0.23%
1980 26,713 52.44% 20,042 39.34% 4,186 8.22%
1976 24,309 55.00% 19,890 45.00% 0 0.00%
1972 25,141 73.16% 8,737 25.42% 488 1.42%
1968 15,799 51.48% 9,914 32.30% 4,978 16.22%
1964 9,968 42.38% 13,550 57.62% 0 0.00%
1960 12,090 56.54% 9,293 43.46% 0 0.00%
1956 12,657 65.77% 6,588 34.23% 0 0.00%
1952 10,770 60.99% 6,809 38.56% 80 0.45%
1948 6,168 52.49% 5,494 46.76% 88 0.75%
1944 6,751 58.25% 4,839 41.75% 0 0.00%
1940 6,501 53.91% 5,500 45.61% 59 0.49%
1936 5,327 46.20% 6,165 53.46% 39 0.34%
1932 3,954 39.02% 6,073 59.93% 107 1.06%
1928 6,479 64.53% 3,506 34.92% 55 0.55%
1924 3,545 45.69% 3,841 49.51% 372 4.80%
1920 4,175 49.86% 4,134 49.37% 65 0.78%
1916 2,302 40.16% 3,345 58.36% 85 1.48%
1912 1,737 30.40% 3,064 53.63% 912 15.96%
1908 2,742 45.91% 3,148 52.71% 82 1.37%
1904 2,561 43.91% 3,151 54.02% 121 2.07%
1900 3,145 45.42% 3,509 50.67% 271 3.91%
1896 3,374 47.49% 3,360 47.29% 371 5.22%
1892 2,449 40.67% 3,309 54.95% 264 4.38%

Harford County is, like the Pennsylvania Dutch Country to its north, a strongly Republican region. No Democratic presidential candidate has carried Harford County since Lyndon Johnson’s landslide of 1964, although recent trends have shown the county voting less Republican over the past few elections. In the period before World War II Harford leaned strongly Democratic as it had sizeable Confederate sympathies,[23] but during and since World War II the county has turned away from its traditional allegiances.[citation needed]

Harford County was granted a charter form of government in 1972. This means that the county is run by a County Executive and Council President, both elected at large, as well as Council Members, elected from districts. Currently, there are six districts in Harford County. Also elected at large is the Sheriff, who runs the Harford County Sheriff's Office, the State's Attorney, who prosecutes all crimes in the county, the Register of Wills, and the Clerk of the Circuit Court.

Executive

[edit]

The Harford County Executive is Robert Cassilly (Republican). Primary law enforcement in the county is handled by the Harford County Sheriff's Office, which has precincts in Jarrettsville, Edgewood and Bel Air. The current Sheriff is Jeffrey Gahler (R). The Maryland State Police also have a barrack located in Bel Air which serves the citizens of Harford County. Municipal police needs are provided by the Bel Air Police Department, the Aberdeen Police Department and the Havre De Grace Police Department. The current State's Attorney is Alison Healey, the first woman to hold the post. Directors are nominated by the Executive and approved by the council. The Volunteer Fire & EMS Association department[24] is led by Russell Eyre.[25]

Council

[edit]
Map of council districts

Patrick Vincenti is the council president. Dion F. Guthrie represents district A which includes Joppa and Edgewood. Aaron David Penman represents district B which includes Abingdon and Fallston. Tony "G" Giangiordano represents district C which includes Bel Air and Forest Hill. James Reilly represents district D which includes Jarrettsville, Street, and Darlington. Jessica Boyle-Tsottles represents district E which includes Churchville and Aberdeen. Jacob D. Bennett represents district F which includes Belcamp and Havre de Grace.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
179014,976—
180017,62617.7%
181021,25820.6%
182015,924−25.1%
183016,3192.5%
184017,1204.9%
185019,35613.1%
186023,41521.0%
187022,605−3.5%
188028,04224.1%
189028,9933.4%
190028,269−2.5%
191027,965−1.1%
192029,2914.7%
193031,6037.9%
194035,06010.9%
195051,78247.7%
196076,72248.2%
1970115,37850.4%
1980145,93026.5%
1990182,13224.8%
2000218,59020.0%
2010244,82612.0%
2020260,9246.6%
2023 (est.)264,644[26]1.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[27]
1790–1960[28] 1900–1990[29]
1990–2000[30] 2010–2020[1]

2000 census

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As of the census[31] of 2000, there were 218,590 people, 79,667 households, and 60,387 families residing in the county. The population density was 496 people per square mile (192 people/km2). There were 83,146 housing units at an average density of 189 per square mile (73/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 86.77% White, 9.27% African-American, 0.23% Native American, 1.52% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.69% from other races, and 1.47% from two or more races. 1.91% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 22.5% were of German, 13.1% Irish, 9.8% Italian, 9.2% English, 8.1% "American" and 6.0% Polish ancestry.

By 2006 the population of Harford County had risen 10.4% to 241,402.[32]

The 2005 report on race and ethnicity indicated the county's population was 82.8% non-Hispanic whites. The proportion of African-Americans in the county had risen to 11.5%. Hispanics were now 2.4% of the total population.[32]

In 2000 there were 79,667 households, out of which 38.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.90% were married couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.20% were non-families. 19.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the county, the age distribution of the population shows 27.90% under the age of 18, 6.80% from 18 to 24, 31.60% from 25 to 44, 23.70% from 45 to 64, and 10.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 96.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.50 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $57,234, and the median income for a family was $63,868. Males had a median income of $43,612 versus $30,741 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,232. About 3.60% of families and 4.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.80% of those under age 18 and 6.70% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

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As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 244,826 people, 90,218 households, and 66,335 families residing in the county.[33] The population density was 560.1 inhabitants per square mile (216.3/km2). There were 95,554 housing units at an average density of 218.6 per square mile (84.4/km2).[34] The racial makeup of the county was 81.2% white, 12.7% black or African American, 2.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.9% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.5% of the population.[33] In terms of ancestry, 28.1% were German, 19.8% were Irish, 12.2% were English, 9.9% were Italian, 6.8% were Polish, and 6.2% were American.[35]

Of the 90,218 households, 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.9% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 26.5% were non-families, and 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.13. The median age was 39.4 years.[33]

The median income for a household in the county was $77,010 and the median income for a family was $88,370. Males had a median income of $59,734 versus $44,706 for females. The per capita income for the county was $33,559. About 4.0% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.[36]

Economy

[edit]

According to the Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development, the following were the top employers in Harford County:

Employer # of Employees
Nov. 2014[37] 		# of Employees
Dec. 2011[38]
Aberdeen Proving Ground 16,797 15,582
Upper Chesapeake Health 3,129 2,900
Rite Aid
(Mid-Atlantic Customer Support Center) 		1,300 1,500
Kohl's 1,255 NA
Harford Community College 1,029 982
Klein's ShopRite of Maryland 1,000 800
Wal-Mart 900 497
Jacobs Technology 865 787
Home Depot 500 NA
Target Corporation 500 495
Wegmans Food Markets 499 525
BSC America 475 250
American Infrastructure 445 352
Macy's 431 NA
Booz Allen Hamilton 430 NA
McDonald's 420 NA
Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC) 410 415
Frito-Lay 379 435
Sephora USA 378 454
Leidos
(formerly SAIC) 		370 607
Independent Can 350 NA
Saks Fifth Avenue 320 525
CACI 313 292
APG Federal Credit Union 305 NA
SafeNet 300 NA
Areas USA 251 NA
Citizens Care & Rehabilitation Center 250 250
Dixie Construction 250 NA
Jones Junction Auto Group 250 NA
Northrop Grumman 250 250
Redner's Markets 250 250
Wawa 250 252
Giant Food 249 378
Mars Super Markets 249 NA
L-3 Communications NA 400
Alcore NA 350
Blue Dot of Maryland NA 330
Custom Direct NA 295
Weis Markets NA 290
Constar NA 251
Arc of Harford County NA 250

Culture

[edit]

The Susquehanna Symphony Orchestra, formerly the Harford Community Orchestra, is an orchestra that is based in Harford County. The group is made up of 70 musicians from many professions.[39]

The Havre De Grace Decoy Museum is a museum dedicated to working and decorative decoys used on the Chesapeake Bay.[40]

Harford Community College hosts many cultural spots. The Student Center hosts the Chesapeake Gallery, a collection of artwork from established artists, as well as students and faculty, and the Chesapeake Theater, a theater venue used by the Phoenix Festival Theater Company, a student run theater group.[41]

Harford Community College also has the Joppa Hall, which houses the Blackbox Theatre, an additional theater venue used by the Harford Dance Theater Company and the HCC Actors Guild. The Joppa Hall also houses the Joppa Recital Halls, a venue for musical performances.[42]

Also at HCC is the Hays-Heighe House, a museum dedicated to the history of Harford County.[43]

The Historical Society of Harford County, one of the oldest county historical societies in Maryland, was established in 1885 to preserve, promote, and interpret the history of the county and its people. Today, it is headquartered on Main Street in downtown Bel Air in the historic 1936 Old Bel Air Post Office Building, where it maintains an archive, exhibit space, and research library.[44]

Sports

[edit]

No major league sports teams are based in Harford County. The list of sports teams and organizations are shown below:

Program Colors Conference League Facilities Level
Aberdeen IronBirds         North Division South Atlantic League Ripken Stadium High-A
Minor League Baseball
Harford Community
College Fighting Owls 		    MD JUCO NJCAA Harford Sports Complex College
Aberdeen Eagles     Upper Chesapeake Bay
Athletic Conference 		MPSSAA Various High School
Bel Air Bobcats    
C. Milton Wright Mustangs    
Edgewood Rams    
Fallston Cougars      
Harford Technical Cobras    
Havre De Grace Warriors    
Joppatowne Mariners    
North Harford Hawks    
Patterson Mill Huskies    
Harford Christian Eagles     N/A MACSAC
John Carroll Patriots     MIAA -B (Boys)
IAAM (Girls)
Baltimore Catholic League (Basketball)

Harford County is the hometown of many sports icons, including Kimmie Meissner, a 2006 Olympic figure skating competitor, Cal Ripken, a former Baltimore Orioles Hall of Famer and former Minnesota Vikings linebacker EJ Henderson.

Infrastructure

[edit]

The Conowingo Dam is on the eastern border of Harford County.

Transportation

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Major highways

[edit]
I-95 at MD 24 in Harford County

Mass transportation

[edit]

Buses are run by the county-owned Harford Transit. The state-operated MARC Penn Line serves Edgewood and Aberdeen.

Airport

[edit]

The Harford County Airport is a small airport in Churchville. Its available for recreational pilots & flight training, as well as sight seeing, balloon rides, hang gliding and sky diving.

Health

[edit]

Health services are provided by Upper Chesapeake Health System. Harford Memorial Hospital located in Havre De Grace and Upper Chesapeake Medical Center located in Bel Air form the two hospital system. UCHS is a member of the University of Maryland Medical System.

See also: Family and Children's Services of Central Maryland

Education

[edit]

Primary and secondary education

[edit]

Harford County Public Schools

[edit]
For a complete list of public schools, see Harford County Public Schools.

The Harford County Public Schools system is the public school system serving the residents of Harford County. It includes thirty-two elementary schools, nine middle schools, ten high schools and one charter school.

Private schools

[edit]

Colleges

[edit]

Harford Community College, located in Churchville, offers 2-year associate degrees and vocational programs. Recently, Harford County Community College has entered into several partnerships with local four-year colleges for enhanced offerings, for credit at those institutions, to be taught on campus and at the surrounding buildings. Towson University Harford Campus, located across from Harford Community College, offers a select amount of four-year degrees that students can obtain after completing the required credits at Harford Community College.

Media

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The newspaper of record is The Aegis. Several radio stations are located in Harford County. WAMD at 970 AM licensed to Aberdeen follows the format of Top40. WHFC at 91.1 FM licensed to Bel-Air follows the format of Variety. WHGM at 1330 AM/104.7 FM licensed toHavre De Grace follows the format of Adult hits. WXCY-FM at 103.7 FM licensed to Havre De Grace follows the format of Country. The Harford Cable Network, or HCN,[47] provides local TV. It shows local government events, high school and Fighting Owl sporting events and religious programming, among others.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Preston, Walter Wilkes (1901). History of Harford County, Maryland: From 1608 (the Year of Smith's Expedition) to the Close of the War of 1812. Sun. pp. 360.
  4. ^ Sturgill, Erika Quesenbery (December 23, 2015). "Havre de Grace came close to the capital 224 years ago". Cecil Daily. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
  5. ^ Dougherty, Wayne H. (March 2004). Comprehensive Plan (PDF). City of Havre De Grace, Maryland. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
  6. ^ Vought, Allan (March 31, 2017). "Super horse Man o' War had many ties to Harford County and to Maryland". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
  7. ^ Bates, Bill (2005). Harford County. Arcadia. p. 96.
  8. ^ Lake Straus:
    "Baltimore Speeds Scout Camp Work". Washington Post. July 22, 1947.: B1 
    Healey, David (September 18, 2012). Great Storms of the Chesapeake. Arcadia. p. 160.
  9. ^ Flooding:
    Healey, David (September 18, 2012). Great Storms of the Chesapeake. Arcadia. p. 160.
  10. ^ "among Maryland's 23 counties and Baltimore City"
  11. ^ Anderson, David (April 5, 2017). "Not-so-healthy Harford slips in Maryland rankings". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2018. Prior to the 2016 report ... Harford's yearly rankings typically fell between ninth and 10th place, primarily because of the percentage of county residents who were obese or who smoked.
  12. ^ "8 counties deemed drug trafficking areas". UPI.com. June 20, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
  13. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  14. ^ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Philadelphia. "Aberdeen Proving Ground (Edgewood Area Site) – Current Site Information." EPA Superfund Site ID No. MD2210020036. May 2008.
  15. ^ EPA. "Aberdeen Proving Ground (Michaelsville Landfill) – Current Site Information." EPA Superfund Site ID No. MD3210021355. May 2008.
  16. ^ Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE). Baltimore. "Fact Sheet – Drinking Water Well Impact: Fallston Presbyterian Church/Fallston Pre-Kindergarten, 600 Fallston Road, Fallston, Maryland."[permanent dead link‍] August 27, 2004.
  17. ^ MDE. "Fact Sheet – Drinking Water Well Impact: Fallston Service Center, 602 Fallston Road, Fallston, Harford County, Maryland 21047." Archived October 30, 2005, at the Wayback Machine MDE Case No. 9-0816HA. December 1, 2004.
  18. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  19. ^ "Susquehanna River National Wildlife Refuge: Overview". Cambridge, Maryland: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  20. ^ "PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University".
  21. ^ "Maryland Board of Elections Voter Registration Activity Report March 2024" (PDF). Maryland Board of Elections. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  22. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
  23. ^ Levine, Mark V. (May 1976). "Standing Political Decisions and Critical Realignment: The Pattern of Maryland Politics, 1872-1948". The Journal of Politics. 38 (2): 292–325. doi:10.2307/2129537. JSTOR 2129537.
  24. ^ 11 fire departments, one EMS department. All are volunteer companies.
  25. ^ "Association Leadership | Harford Co. Volunteer Fire & EMS, MD". Archived from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  26. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  27. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  28. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  29. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  30. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  31. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  32. ^ a b Harford County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  34. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  35. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  36. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  37. ^ Major Employers in Harford County, Maryland, Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development (Nov. 2014 data).
  38. ^ Major Employers in Harford County, Maryland, Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development (Dec. 2011 data).
  39. ^ Klingman, Mike (August 19, 2022). "Conductor Sheldon Bair and his community ensemble keep the music playing in Harford". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 4, 2024. For 46 years Bair has led the SSO, a Harford County ensemble composed of 70 accomplished musicians from 18 to 80, many of whom offset the stress of their regular jobs by tooting their own horns. Some attend evening rehearsals straight from work, like the police officer who arrived wearing her body armor. It's an eclectic bunch including doctors, nurses, teachers and stay-at-home moms.
  40. ^ "Decoy Museum Havre de Grace". Main Street Maryland. Retrieved January 4, 2024. The Decoy Museum houses the most extensive collection of working and decorative Chesapeake Decoys.
  41. ^ "Arts & Culture". www.visitharford.com. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  42. ^ "Musical Performances at Harford Community College". www.harford.edu. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  43. ^ "Hays-Heighe House". www.harford.edu. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  44. ^ "About Us". The Historical Society of Harford County. June 13, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  45. ^ "Home". Grace Classical Academy. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  46. ^ "ABOUT | The Highlands School | United States". highlands-school. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  47. ^ Harford Cable Network
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